Stages of Dick and Carey's Model

 

Stages of Dick and Carey’s Model of Instructional Design

The Dick and Carey’s model is a performance-oriented model, stressing the identification of skills which students need to learn and the collection of data from students to revise instruction. It is based on the reductionist perspective which emphasizes on the breaking instruction down into smaller components to focus mainly on the building skills, knowledge, attitudes on students that need to be learned and provides the right learning conditions for the outcomes. The Dick and Carey models of instructional design is a step by step guide of how to deliver educational contents. This system approach consider on the components such as the instructor, learners, materials, instructional activities, delivery systems and learning performance environments which are analyzed and designed to work together towards supporting students learning.        

Components of the Dick & Carey Model

1. Assess Needs to identify goals: Teachers determine what the students need to learn through assessment, experience, analysis, practical requirement and/or descriptive goals.

2. Conduct Instructional Analysis: The instructional analysis determines the current state of skills, knowledge and attitudes of students necessary to fill the gaps of the goals and to begin instruction. This can be assess through interviews, survey, observation or different forms of test depending on the nature of the skills.

3. Identify entry behaviors: The learner current level of skills, prior knowledge and attitudes are determined to design appropriate learning methods in which learners will learn and then use new skills.

4. Write performance objectives: The teachers writes specific outcomes of the students learning. These outcomes outlines the skills to be learned the conditions under which skills are shown and criteria for success.

5. Develop criterion tests: The assessments utilized by the instructor should parallel the learner ability to show what was described by the learning objectives.

6. Develop instructional strategy: The teacher will identify strategies to be used that best elicit learning. Strategies include pre-instructional activities, how information will be presented as well as how students will practice and receive feedback before testing.

7. Develop and select instructional materials: The materials, tools, exercises and delivery media should be decide to include in learning strategy.

8. Develop and construct formative evaluation of instruction: Evaluations in the form of one to one evaluation, small-group evaluation and field evaluation are performed. The results of these evaluations provide valuable feedback on how to improve instruction.

9. Develop and conduct summative evaluation: Summative evaluation takes place at the end of the session that does not involve the creator of instructions. This evaluation determines the overall value of the instruction.

10. Ongoing Revision: This final can also be seen as the first step when repeating instruction. The instruction is designed to be replicated and therefore revised and improved upon.

The Dick and Carey model is based on multi learning perspectives of behaviorism, cognition and constructivism. The context analysis components uses constructive methods to assist learners in creating optimal conceptual frameworks for learning, remembering and performing. The Dick and Carey Model is appropriate for a variety of instructional delivery systems ranging from print instruction to complex digital multimedia for distance delivery over the web. This model can be used for both individual learning as well as group based instruction whether the instruction itself is being teacher-led or self-directed in nature. It is important to know that instructional design is used to design instruction but itself is not the delivery method.

References:

https://educationaltechnology.net/dick-and-carey-instructional-model/

https://worldofwork.io/2019/08/dick-carey-instructional-design-model/